Review Of Related Literature On English Students - 1363 Words

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A.Vocabulary As in the know vocabulary is a collection of words which is one important part in learning English which is the second language of the mother tongue. According to Folse (2008), learning english should gain an understanding of vocabulary mastery, it can help the students to improve their vocabulary. Vocabulary is a list of the usual set of words arranged in sequential alphabetical order dictioned or dictioned by a dictionary or glossary. All words in the language, whether the sum of words used or understood by a particular person, such as social group, profession, trade (Grolier, 1981: 112). Based on Oxford learner s pocket dictinory (2003: 428), vocabulary is all the words that a person†¦show more content†¦3. Adjective It is the word used to quality noun or pronoun. Example: my sister is beautiful. 4. Adverb It is word used for qualifying the meaning of verb, adjective, or another adverb. Example: they go too school at seven o’clock. 5. Conjunction It is a word used to relate one word to another one, or one of sentence to another one. Example: you and I make a cake. 6. Pronoun It is the word which caan take the place of a noun. Example: she is a doctor. 7. Interjection it is a word put into a sentence to Express a sudden feeling of mind or emotion. Example: Wow!!! She is beautiful. By learning these types of words students can understand the function of each type of word, as well as in learning the type of words students can understand or know when the word is used in a sentence. It can help students in improving their knowledge of good and appropriate words for use in writing, reading, speaking, and listening. In learning English students have some difficulties to obtain more vocabulary. Because students have difficulty obtaining a large vocabulary, teachers need to know what difficulties students face in getting a vocabulary. So teachers can find interesting and good methods and strategies for teaching students so they can get a lot of vocabulary and good. . As a result, classroom to improve studentds vocabulary mastery (Folse, 2008). Teaching vocabulary is not East to do. It is clearly more than just presenting new words. Vocabulary itself will make the studentsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Article Writing Style1068 Words   |  5 Pagesheadings. The research question and population sampling were embedded within the text which required the reader to search for these items. There was no Literature Review heading. The review of the literature was discussed within the Introduction section. References were listed throughout the research article. Terms or â€Å"jargon† used was defined and related to public internet social network programs. Definitions were also included in the Methodology section and throughout the article. Authors TheRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing A Literature Review776 Words   |  4 PagesA strong literature review is a signal that an author has solid knowledge to fill gap in a filed, on one hand; it also plays a significant role in attracting readers, on the other hand. A rhetorical literature review may not be difficult for an experienced scholar, but it is a challenge for a Ph.D. student without sufficient relevant knowledge and skills, such as selecting materials related to a research, synthesizing those information, organizing the literature review, choosing appropriate wordsRead MoreTeaching Methods And Techniques And Materials For The Classroom1214 Words   |  5 Pageslanguage teaching. English teachers in Japan tend to keep giving common advice like ‘just listen to aural materials as much as possible and that’ll enhance your listening comprehension further in the future’. Furthermore, in Japan, there is even a nationally famous ‘fraudulentâ€℠¢ English learning material which claims that all you have to do is just hear (note here, not ‘listen’ but just ‘hear’) the material for a certain period of time every day and you will be able to speak English fluently before youRead MoreCultural And Social Capital Theory999 Words   |  4 Pagesacademic success of Chinese students in Los Angeles Community College. The results of the study indicated that the aspirations of obtaining a higher level academic degree and then transferring to a four-year college or university were considered as the best predictors of academic success for Chinese international students. Whereas, English proficiency was considered to be a weak factor and social interaction factors were not too much related to Chinese international students’ academic success. Yuan (2011)Read MoreEffects of Modern Technology to Learning Habits of the Students1471 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY TO STUDENTS† A Research Paper Submitted to: Professor Rhona Theresa S. Sambrano, M.A.T School of Medical Laboratory Science Far Eastern University Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for English 2 Albarico, Karl Marco S. Lim, Patrick Joseph C. March 2016 APPROVAL SHEET The research paper entitled â€Å"A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY†; prepared and submitted by Patrick Joseph C. LimRead MoreThe American Nurses Association ( Ana ) And The Health Ministries Association1272 Words   |  6 Pagestheir understanding and promote disease management. FCN other than providing spiritual care to the community, also provides counseling, active listening, referrals, education, advocacy, and prayer. Therefore, FCNs can promote community awareness related to health issues, and develop community collaborations in an effort to enhance health promotion. Breisch, Hurley, and Moore (2013) established that advocacy for appropriate levels of care for susceptible populations and people with inadequate accessRead MoreGrammar Usage And English Class895 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Grammar is the basis for the English language, yet is not uncommon to approach a teenager, or even an adult that has a genuine fear and even a distaste for grammar. While they likely know the value of such a construct, the endless rules and complex exceptions to grammar rules has created a sense of dread among many learners. Yet, it is not only the student that shies away from grammar conversations, but many teachers themselves feel inadequate in the grammar usage, both in speaking andRead MoreFactors Affecting Students Behavior1638 Words   |  7 PagesTHE FACTORS THAT AFFECT STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE A TERM PAPER PRESENTED TO MRS. R. VILLAHERMOSA STA. TERESA COLLEGE BAUAN BATANGAS IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUBJECT ENGLISH IV MARCH 2013 PENALOSA, GRACE MARIE D. MANALO ANTHONY CHRISTIAN ARETA ALLYZZA JOIE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This term paper would not be accomplished without the generous contributions of any individuals and organization. We are very much gratefulRead MoreAmerican Educational System1220 Words   |  5 Pageshow to discipline students. The authors state, â€Å"student responses to teachers’ disciplinary techniques can be unpredictable and require quick reactions on the part of the teacher.† This sets the context for the more specific research problem. b. Research Problem As the title of the article suggests, cultural synchronization between the teacher and the students can be influential in discipline. This is illustrated in the authors’ transcription of an interaction among students and the teacherRead MoreQualitative Research Methods986 Words   |  4 Pagesqualitative data collection. Interviews asked their English and academic learning situations in Taiwan, the processes of studying in graduate programs, present doctoral learning situations, in and out of class academic (writing) activities, academic (writing) challenges they encountered during their academic acculturation, and their perceptions of own academic acculturation. Documents comprised academic information related to international students and their doctoral programs, syllabi of some courses

LGBT Subculture Essay examples - 1428 Words

There are individuals that live in fear of showing their true identity to the world because they simply fear that society won’t accept them for having a different sexual orientation. Society advocates that individuals should be able to be proud of who they are, but yet they judge homosexuals for being different. People are taught not to judge others based on their race or religion, so why do they still discriminate against homosexuals? The homosexual subculture is not accepted by society, looked down upon, and misjudged; however, they are human beings and deserve to be treated equally. Religion is a major aspect on why society believes that homosexuality is wrong and should not be accepted. Individuals who are against the LGBT (Lesbian,†¦show more content†¦Homosexuals are being discriminated in their own homes, work place, and schools. Vanessa Garcia was judged and bullied during her childhood because she was lesbian. Garcia â€Å"was afraid to go to school [because ] everyone treated [her] like a freak†. Her fear came from the peers in her school harassing and calling her names. Garcia never felt like she fit in with her peers. At a moment she even felt that there was â€Å"something fundamentally wrong with [her]†; which almost caused her life when she tried to commit suicide. John Williams is another example of the fear that society creates for being a homosexual. Williams is a gay male student who aspires to become a middle school teacher. Nevertheless, he is afraid that there will not be a school that hires him because of his sexuality. Antigay prejudice and homophobia interfere with the dreams of many members of the LGBT community. Homophobia causes heterosexuals to believe that homosexuals are less worthy and therefore it is okay to treat them unfairly. People do not take in consideration the deep wounds they are causing gay individuals with their prejudices. LGBT are human beings and they should not be thought to be inferio r. Myths about homosexuality are one of the reasons why society misjudges the LGBT community. Myths cause gay individuals to fear themselves, and they also cause society to think wrongly of homosexuality. People are told to believe that homosexuality is aShow MoreRelatedLgbt Subculture Of The Lgbt Movement1390 Words   |  6 PagesHow does this picture represent LGBT subculture in order to express the stereotypes they have faced, how far the movement has come in America, and how they continue to support the movement? The LGBT movement has been fighting for rights over the last century across the world. Members of this community have come a long way from where they started. However, stereotypes and ridicule are still pinned against these individuals that form the minority subculture of the LGBT movement. Despite the prejudiceRead MoreA Critical of Awareness of Social Issues within Popular Culture766 Words   |  3 Pagespowerful messages. Gatherings, protests, marches, and parades often involve subcultures who cling to specific ideas to a new way of life which are often under opposition or unpopular within dominant culture. They bring awareness to these new ideas and social issues while gaining more followers and progressing towards change. Toronto Pride for example is a gathering of nearly 500,000 people (often from the queer subculture) who celebrate and spread the message of equality within the spectrum of sexualRead MoreLgbt Views On Lgbt Rights1108 Words   |  5 PagesCindy Chen Mr. Barnett 11MS2 History 8 June 2016 LGBT Rights Marriage between lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgenders (LGBT) is referred to as same-sex marriage. It occurs when men and women are attracted to someone of the same gender of themselves. However, some people denied the idea of it since they believe it is going against the law of nature and violating certain beliefs and traditions. LGBT people have faced injustice and discrimination and have been fighting for their rights for decadesRead MoreHomelessness Is An Epidemic That Plagues Many People Across The United States1142 Words   |  5 Pagesliving homeless can become especially difficult. Young people of the LGBT community are being put out of their homes, rejected by their families, and shunned by their communities in which they live because of their sexual orientation, something that they themselves have no choice over. This is because of prejudices that are put out by the community as a whole. It is difficult enough growing up as part of a minority group such as the LGBT group, but add homelessness into the equation, there becomes otherRead MoreThe Ball Is A Documentary Film Dated Around The Mid1003 Words   |  5 Pagesthis was shown in the film, when participants where walking down the runway. These participants were displaying their character, without giving away their homosexual identity. This film also addresses social injustices, showing the struggle of the LGBT society. An example of this, would be Venus extravaganza. Venus, is a woman who desires a sex change, to make herself feel complete as a woman from the inside out. The film points out that a lot of people feel as though fi you get a sex change youRead MoreThe Cultural Identity Of The African American Community1653 Words   |  7 Pagestheir identity. On top of already being of African descent, certain members of the cast and their sexual preferences are considered untraditional and therefore, this places them into yet another subcategory as â€Å"minorities.† The exploration of a subculture in the African American culture proves to be a microcosm of society, considering it is a subject many Americans are unfamiliar with. Pariah is about a 17-year-old, African American girl living in Brooklyn, New York. Alike, the teenage girl, isRead MoreThe Period Of World War II Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesmilitary. According to historian Allan Berube, World War II was known to be the â€Å"quintessential coming out party† for LGBT Americans. The war created a substantially new â€Å"erotic situation† conducive both to the articulation of a homosexual identity and to the more rapid evolution of a gay subculture (24). I believe that this saying is meaning that World War II was an opportunity for many LGBT to go out and have the ability of having some freedoms. For example, a homosexual person coming from a small townRead MoreGay Rights1419 Words   |  6 Pagesadvanced their purpose are Harvey Milk, Harry Hay, LGBT, or lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual groups. This purpose is to stop intolerance and, ultimately, gain the right of and benefits of marriage. The gay rights movement is embodied in â€Å"What We Want, What We Believe,† which shows that even though the group was not seen, or given rights, that in time with their unity they would gain equality. It is a manifesto that states what the entirety of the LGBT groups want. Moreover, no one should feel theRead MoreFemme Fatale - Original Writing1299 Words   |  6 Pagesattributes, but we can t deny that the most conventional and simplest way to ascertain someone s sexual orientation is from what they re wearing. This process is highly inaccurate. Clothes are just a way to categorize us into subcultures. Indeed, we can all recount that one lesbian that was so butch, she could be spotted from a mile away, and we ve all pulled the Is that a girl or boy? card, but I can almost guarantee that you cannot pick out a feminine lesbian from the bodyRead MoreUdhr s Article On Lgbt Rights2347 Words   |  10 PagesArticle on lgbt rights. Is acceptance of one’s sexuality as important as other issues like poverty, unemployment, global warming, natural disasters and proper health solutions for Ebola, Lyme that put our survival itself at risk? When meditating on this question, let us also analyse our own sexual fabric. We set the standards of our own yardsticks to measure a sexual identity as valid/ invalid, normal/ abnormal, natural/ unnatural, acceptable/ unacceptable, moral/ immoral and finally good/ bad

Underage drinking Free Essays

Underage Drinking underage drinkers drink to look cool and It may be the social thing to do at the latest party or even at home; feeling curious a teen may consume alcohol to tit in with their surroundings. This can be due to the fact that the minor could be pressured into drinking. With all the popular media hype about alcohol and especially during the Super Bowl; it Just shows minors that it is okay to participate in drinking and if they do, this great boost will occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Underage drinking or any similar topic only for you Order Now The other cause to these other Influences could have already had happened, such as the childhood experience being abused by the runken father or alcoholic mother who does not nurture her children. Underage drinking Is detrimental to the health of themselves and others whom they affect: It Is an ongoing problem that continues, with the number of students Increasing each year Drinking underage can be linked to advertising that is very persuasive to the minors. These advertisements, some say target children, but the alcohol companies deny. In efforts to prove the people wrong; alcohol companies have put forth their part into making an advertisement discouraging alcohol abuse. The advertisements ake the young minded minors to think drinking can put on physical attractiveness, It is fun, or gives special powers to make the person better at athletics. Some would soy the audience that Is targeted In the beer advertisements. such ds Bud Light, are Indeed minors, seeing an alcoholic beverage and having the appeal to take acuon are different. ne of the advertisements by Bug Light were shown on the super Bowl commercials ot people stranded on an island; they found a radio, but instead ot using it to find help, they found a cart of alcoholic beverages and showed them aving the best time on the island. The reality of this commercial is saying to teens, if you drink alcohol you will have the best time of your life. Especially, when those minors are being pressured into by their peers to take the shot, it makes the situation Into a more dangerous one. Having a party with friends Is one thing, but If that party host has access to their parents liquor stash It becomes d different party. â€Å"Rates are higher among 12th graders, with reporting at least one alcoholic drink during their lifetime, 43% reported at least one drink In the past 30 days, 28% reporting runkenness in the past 30 days, and reported daily use ot alcohol (Centers tor Disease Control and Prevention, 2008; Johnson et al. , 2009! ‘ (Song). These statistics are also closely related to my own experience, my own friends would come to the football game under the influence or go to the party this weekend which had alcohol. Drinking while in high school can also be lead to drinking in college, but the major dfference Is that alcohol is more demanding dt the college parties. Minor’s consequences on whom drinks can also Increase their risk of unhealthy outcomes; uch as fighting one another. which can lead to Injuries, reckless sexual behavior and drlvlng under the Influence. hile many do not have parents who have alcohol at their house, there are many ways ot obtaining alcohol by having take ID’s, by asking a stranger and giving them extra money for buying the booze for them; making college parties that much easier to obtain alcohol. â€Å"Researchers have identified a number of factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol use, including being male, having easy peers also drink alcohol† (Song). Minors rec eive biases messages about alcohol, it can e from the D. A. R. E program that educates the minors about the drugs and what it does to their bodies. The other messages could be from biased adults and popular media whom say one drink will not hurt, but the fact is that one drink can harm the body of the minor in psychological and physical ways. One of the counter arguments about underage drinking is lowering the drinking age to prevent binge-drinking at age 18 or 19 years old. â€Å"The problem is that underage drinking is now forced off campus, leading to â€Å"a culture of dangerous, clandestine binge-drinking† (Alcoholism Drug Abuse Weekly). Having the law as it is, makes the drinking go farther than the campus walls. If the age at which people are legal to drink is lowered, then the developing minds that are affected by the alcohol can reduce the minor’s chances of being successful. Having the age at 21 is good, not only does it prevent alcohol- related trauma, â€Å"But 10 percent of a state’s federal highway funds are cut if the state doesn’t mandate a drinking age of 21† (Alcoholism Drug Abuse Weekly). Popular media, community norms, and peer pressure, all have a fundamental root cause to hy adolescents drink at such an early age, it is because of their childhood experience. In order to be able to understand why college students are drinking at such an early age, analyzing how they were raised and their family life can be a big factor. One’s childhood experience can drastically take for the worst if their mother, father, or parental guardian is a drunk. Every night they would come home from drinking at the bar, see their child and tell them that everything is okay; the child would start to develop the idea that coming home drunk is an okay thing to do. The reason for the child’s drinking at an early age would be to cope with such a graphic image of their parent figure drinking and acting out violently towards their loved ones, â€Å"First, it created physical and emotional stress, which participants believed could be reduced through alcohol use. Second, victims of abuse began â€Å"to stop caring† about what happened to them or what people thought about their behavior. Third, many abuse victims absented themselves in order to escape the abuse, removing themselves to unsupervised or risky settings where they were offered, or it as easy to obtain, alcohol and drugs† (Rothman). The turn to alcohol is easy with a motive, such as lessening or not dealing with the burden put on the child through the traumatization. The risks to drinking can be the underdevelopment of the brain, although the changes are subtle, over a long period of time it can be noticeable. The liver and the growth hormones are affected by the consumption of alcohol at the early ages; they tend to produce a lot of liver enzyme, which is indicating some liver damage and throwing off the hormones of the adolescent’s puberty stage. With the umber of the population increasing, so does the student body, thus resulting in the pressures of drinking at an early age because of the ongoing problem with underage drinking. The cycle of underage drinking would occur, if the parents are young and are not ready to deal with a child; so when the child is growing the parents might be drinking because of the stress of dealing with the financial troubles if present. The problem on campus is not because the college students are doing it because they can, it is a variety of issues that causes them to take the drink at the college party. This problem is need of the utmost attention because it affects the student life on pressures of drinking or taking the load off. Its impact on the community is detrimental to their personal health, but also the safety of others due to the fact that driving under the influence can be fatal to not only themselves, but whom they cause harm to. Work Cited Rothman, Emily F. , Judith Bernstein, and Lee Strunin. â€Å"Why Might Adverse Childhood Experiences Lead To Underage Drinking Among US Youth? Findings From An Emergency Department-Based Qualitative Pilot Study. How to cite Underage drinking, Papers

Change Management for Government and Civil Society -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theChange Management for Government and Civil Society. Answer: Literature review Organizations undertake changes to determine the progress in the markets and thereby sustain their businesses. McAfee et al. (2012) stated that the change that is undertaken by the organizations are often challenged by the workforce. On the other hand, Cameron and Green (2015) argued that the determination of the market situations challenges the transition that the organization plans to undertake for ringing in improvements in the performance of the business in the market. The different key element of the change that is undertaken by the business is dependent on the determination of the needs of the organization to bring in alteration in the situation of the business firms in the market. The major theme of the review is based on the identification of the manner in which the Transformational change can be brought about in the systems of the business as per the market needs. Transformational change in the organization is based on the proper reasoning of the change in the market structure. The identification of the needs of the customers of the business helps the same in enumerating the various aspects of the transformation and thereby reasoning out the capabilities of the organization to cope up with the transitions. Pardo-del-Val, Martinez-Fuentes and Roig-Dobn (2012) stated that the urgency for bringing in the change in the structure and the processes of the business is often challenged by the workforce and the other stakeholders through the enumeration of the risks that might affect the organization. However, Kaufman (2017) stated that the challenges that are faced by the firms while bringing in the changes helps in redesigning he change to avoid the different uncertainties that might be faced by the business through the transition. Therefore, the challenges that are faced by the organization have helped in determining the variable factors that affects the sustenance of the business as per the change in the market trends. The capabilities of the organization and the basic attributes of the structure of the same helps in boosting the innovation that is planned by the organizations to bring in the change in the situation of the business. Bareil (2013) stated that the change in the structure and the functioning of the business is based on the knowledge of the change agent and the manner in which the change will be affecting the systems of the organization. Pardo-del-Val, Martinez-Fuentes and Roig-Dobn (2012) stated that the change agents helps the business through the influence that is created by the same on the workforce. On the other hand, Bloom and Crant (2014) stated that Building strategic relationship with the other collaborators of the business helps in analyzing the pros and cons of the transition for the business and the manner in which the alteration will be affecting the businesses growth in the international markets. Kuipers et al. (2014) argued that the determination of the needs of the organization and the analysis of the financial and the operational capabilities of the organization helps in justifying the change based on the urgency faced by the business firm. Diagnosis of the needs of the organization to undertake the change is the ever first steps of the change management model that is proposed by John Kotter. According to Pulakos et al. (2015), the change that is being planned by any organization must be subjected to an urgency for the change that is felt by the organization. However, the urgency for the change can be facilitated only when the organization determines the need for it to undertake the modification in the processes. The progress that is planned by the organization helps in determining the change in the structure and the performance of the business in the market. Nordin et al. (2012) stated that the diagnosis of the needs of the organization to bring in the change justifies the pathway that the organizations might take to facilitate the change for enhancing the functions of the business firm. Matos Marques Simoes and Esposito (2014) argued that the diagnosis of the type of change that is favorable for the organization helps in enhancing its performance in the international markets. Greiners Growth-Model helps the managers of the organization to identify the different prospects of the change and the manner in which the change can be brought about in the organization through the different variables. Bloom and Crant (2014) stated that the determination of the organizational needs is facilitated through the analysis of the type of change that is required to be taken by the organization. Figure 1: Greiners Growth-Model (Source: Nordin et al. 2012) The change that is planned by the organization is exposed to various resistances from the stakeholders of the organization and the employees who feel that the transition might bring the organization and their job role to different uncertainties. However, McAfee et al. (2012) stated that the management of the resistances helps the organization in bringing in the transition and thereby sustain their business in the market. Kaufman (2017) stated that management of the resistance that is faced by the organization while implementing the change depends on the identification of the root cause. The identification of the root cause helps in determining the resistance and the manner in which it can be mitigated. According to Kuipers et al. (2014) Negotiation is one of the most favorable methods that helps the organization in mitigating the resistances that are faced by the organization while bring in modifications. On the other hand, Appelbaum et al. (2012) argued that management of the resist ance to the change helps the organization in bringing forth improvements in the performance of the business. Transformational change that is undertaken by the organizations is dependent on the determination of the varied aspects of the improvements in the system and the performance of the business. Pardo-del-Val, Martinez-Fuentes and Roig-Dobn (2012) stated that the change in the culture of the organization might bring in improvements in the systems of the same but also affect the smooth functioning of the workforce towards the corporate goal. Transformation in the business activities and the type of leadership helps in examining the key features that affects the execution of the functions planned by the business. Alternatively, Kuntz and Gomes (2012) stated that leadership plays a major role in determining the performance of the business as per the change in the trends in the market. Bareil (2013) stated that the build up on the high performance teams has helped in determining the changes that is planned by the business as per the improvement objectives of the business. On the other hand, the facilitating of the training programs by the business helps in developing the capability of the workforce for consistent and smooth functioning of the business in the market. Pardo-del-Val, Martinez-Fuentes and Roig-Dobn (2012) stated that the high performance teams helps the organization in facilitating the transformation in the processes through the efficiency in the work and the skills of the same. Leadership style helps organizations in enabling the transformation in the culture of the business. The style and approach of leadership helps in determining the smooth functioning of the business in the market. Smith et al. (2012) has stated that the objective of the organization and the corporate goals of the same helps in determining the approach of leadership that is applicable for the proper functioning of the organizations in the market. The strategies that are undertaken by the organizations help in determining the change in the systems and the performance of the business in the market. Hughes and Wearing (2016) stated that the development of the organization is based on the formulation of the strategies that affects the performance of the organization. The strategies that are undertaken by the organizations are based on the capabilities of the same and the market trends that affect the business circles and evoke the urgency of undertaking the change. Pulakos et al. (2015) argued that transformational change model of organizations help in determining the easy flow of the businesss proceedings to bring in improvements in the systems. According to Pardo-del-Val, Martinez-Fuentes and Roig-Dobn (2012), the transformational change that is planned by the organizations are based on the three phases- Engage, feedback and socialize. The key element of the change that is planned by the organizations depends on the social acceptance. Bareil (2013) stated that the change that is planned by the organization is based on the needs of the society and thereby the change that is considered by the organization must be compatible with the needs of the people in the society. Kuipers et al. (2014) stated that feedback helps in determining the needs of the customers and helps the organizations in determining the urgency of the change. On the other hand, Hon, Bloom and Crant (2014) stated that the sociable nature of the change is based on determining the sticking on to the change concept that is considered to be last phase of Kotters change management model. The engagement of the organization in the change and through the determination of the needs of the customers helps the same in bringing forth innovations in the systems of the business firm. Kaufman (2017) stated that the change in the performance of the organization could be initiated through the determination of the needs of the customers. The determination of the needs of the organization helps in bringing forth modifications as per the needs of the customers. The functional areas of the change by the organization depend on determining the needs of the customers. On the other hand, Matos Marques Simoes and Esposito (2014) stated that the transformational change that is planned by the business depends on the determination of the needs of the customers and the market trend. Figure 2: Transformational Change model (Source: Nordin et al. 2012) Critique on the literature review The resistance to the change is portrayed as a positive sign by Goetsch and Davis (2014), but the impact of the same ion the change initiatives that are planned by the organization is overlooked. Resistance to the change often creates havoc miscommunications that affect the smooth functioning of the systems of the business. It affects the progress that is planned by the business firms. On the other hand, the major determinants of the change are based on the functioning of the management and their efforts to understand the needs of the customers. However, Cameron and Green (2015) stated that the needs of the organization to make its progress in the markets is backed by the capabilities of the organization to undertake the modifications. The proper functioning of the organization is characterized by the involvement of the workforce in the change initiatives. The change agents play an important role in the change that is planned by the organization. However, Doppelt (2017) stated that Leadership plays a major role in determining the change in the structure and the performance of the business. The leadership approach and style clearly states the criteria of the leadership and the manner in which it affects the functioning of the organization in the system. Kotters change management model focuses on the change processes that might be undertaken by e organization for the successful implementation of the change in the structure of the business. However, the model fails to identify the uncertainties that might be faced by the business while determining the change in the processes. The determination of the risk factors helps the organization in managing the resistances that might be faced by the organization while implement ing the modification in the systems of the same. According to Kuntz and Gomes (2012) the change management model helps in the development of the organization but it does not helps businesses in determining the risks that might be faced by the same while implementing the change. The transformational change model of the organization helps in determining the needs of the organization to grow as per the needs of the customers. The determination of the feedbacks of the customers will be helping the organization in determining the change in the structure and the performance of the same. However, Appelbaum et al. (2012) stated that transformation in the process also requires an analysis of the capabilities of the organization to undertake the transition. The determination of the financial capabilities of the organization and the manner in which it affects the change is a key element that affects the functioning of the business as per the needs of the customers. References Appelbaum, S.H., Habashy, S., Malo, J.L. and Shafiq, H., 2012. Back to the future: revisiting Kotter's 1996 change model.Journal of Management Development,31(8), pp.764-782. Bareil, C., 2013. Two Paradigms about Resistance to Change.Organization Development Journal,31(3). Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Doppelt, B., 2017.Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hon, A.H., Bloom, M. and Crant, J.M., 2014. Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance.Journal of Management,40(3), pp.919-941. Hughes, M. and Wearing, M., 2016.Organisations and management in social work: everyday action for change. Sage. Kaufman, H., 2017.The limits of organizational change. Routledge. Kuipers, B.S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J. and Van der Voet, J., 2014. The management of change in public organizations: A literature review.Public administration,92(1), pp.1-20. Kuntz, J.R. and Gomes, J.F., 2012. Transformational change in organisations: a self-regulation approach.Journal of Organizational Change Management,25(1), pp.143-162. Matos Marques Simoes, P. and Esposito, M., 2014. Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), pp.324-341. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T.H., Patil, D.J. and Barton, D., 2012. Big data: the management revolution.Harvard business review,90(10), pp.60-68. Nordin, N., Deros, B.M., Wahab, D.A. and Rahman, M.N.A., 2012. A framework for organisational change management in lean manufacturing implementation.International Journal of Services and Operations Management,12(1), pp.101-117. Pardo-del-Val, M., Martinez-Fuentes, C. and Roig-Dobn, S., 2012. Participative management and its influence on organizational change.Management Decision,50(10), pp.1843-1860. Pulakos, E.D., Hanson, R.M., Arad, S. and Moye, N., 2015. Performance management can be fixed: An on-the-job experiential learning approach for complex behavior change.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,8(1), pp.51-76. Smith, P., Davies, C.A., Ogle, S., Zanchi, G., Bellarby, J., Bird, N., Boddey, R.M., McNamara, N.P., Powlson, D., Cowie, A. and Noordwijk, M., 2012. Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: current capability and future vision.Global Change Biology,18(7), pp.2089-2101.

7 Patterns of Sentence Structure

7 Patterns of Sentence Structure 7 Patterns of Sentence Structure 7 Patterns of Sentence Structure By Mark Nichol Sentence structure can be categorized into seven patterns: one simple, three compound, two complex, and one compound-complex. Here are examples of each pattern with accompanying formulas, all to help you think of how to craft sentences in a greater variety of syntax: 1. Simple sentence (independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk.† (An independent clause is set of words that includes a subject and a predicate. It can be a sentence or part of one. A dependent, or subordinate, clause is one that cannot stand on its own but provides additional information to supplement an independent clause.) 2. Compound sentence, IC+CC+IC (independent clause plus coordinating conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk, and I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Coordinating conjunctions are words that link one independent clause to another to form a compound sentence. These words can be recalled with the mnemonic FANBOYS and include for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.) 3. Compound sentence, IC+S+IC (independent clause plus semicolon plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk; I was soothed by the gentle night air.† 4. Compound sentence, IC+AC+IC (independent clause plus adverbial conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk; consequently, I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Adverbial conjunctions are adverbs that serve, when following a semicolon, to link independent clauses. They include consequently, however, moreover, nevertheless, therefore, and thus.) 5. Complex sentence, DM+C+IC (dependent marker plus clause plus independent clause): â€Å"Because I hoped to be soothed by the gentle night air, I went for a walk.† (Dependent markers are words that provide a relative context for a subordinate clause. They include after, although, as, â€Å"as if,† because, before, if, since, though, until, when, where, whether, and while.) 6. Complex sentence, RP+C (relative pronoun plus clause): â€Å"Whatever doubts I had about taking a walk dissipated when I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Relative pronouns are pronouns that relate a subordinate clause to the noun it modifies. They include who, whom, whose, whoever, whosoever, whomever, which, what, whatever, and sometimes that.) 7. Compound-complex sentence, DC+IC+CC+IC (dependent clause plus independent clause plus coordinating conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"As I headed out for a walk, my doubts about doing so dissipated, and I was soothed by the gentle night air.† There are, of course, many variations to these patterns; even a simple sentence, for instance, can begin with the object in the example converted to the subject of another simple sentence: â€Å"A walk was my next order of business.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting

The Cult of Domesticity

The Cult of Domesticity In the middle of the 19th century, the movement known as the Cult of Domesticity, or True Womanhood, took hold in the United States and Britain. It was a philosophy in which womens value was based upon their ability to stay home and perform their duties as wives and mothers, and their willingness to abide by a series of very specific virtues. Did You Know? The cult of domesticity, or true womanhood, was an idealized set of societal standards that became popular with middle- and upper-class women in the late 19th century.Piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity were the mark of femininity during this period.The early cult of domesticity led to the development of the womens movement, in direct response to the standards set upon women by society. True Womanhood in the 19th Century Although there was not a formal movement that was actually entitled Cult of Domesticity, scholars have come to use this term to refer to the social environment in which many middle- and upper-class 19th century women lived. The term itself was coined in the 1960s by historian Barbara Welter, who also referred to it by its contemporary name, True Womanhood. Victorian family life revolved around domestic pursuits. ilbusca / Getty Images In this social system, gender ideologies of the time assigned women the role of the moral protector of home and family life; a womans value was intrinsically tied to her success in domestic pursuits such as keeping a clean house, raising pious children, and being submissive and obedient to her husband. The idea that this was part of womens natural place in the family dynamic was emphasized by womens magazines, religious literature, and gift books, all of which stressed that the way to true femininity was by adhering to a series of specific virtues as guidelines: piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. The Virtues of Domestic Life Religion, or piety, was the foundation upon which a womans role in the cult of domesticity was built; women were seen as naturally more pious than men. It was believed that it was up to women to present the spiritual cornerstone of family life; she was to be strong in her faith, and raise her children with a strong Biblical education. She was to guide her husband and offspring in morality and virtue, and if they were to slip, the onus of responsibility fell to the wife or mother. More importantly, religion was a pursuit that could be followed from home, permitting women to stay out of the public sphere. Women were warned not to let intellectual pursuits, such as reading novels or newspapers, lead them astray from the word of God. Purity was a womans greatest virtue in the 19th century; the absence of it tarnished her as a fallen women, and marked her as unworthy of the comforts of good society. Virginity was to be protected at all costs, and death was considered preferable to the loss of virtue. The gift of a womans chastity to her husband was something to be treasured on their wedding night; sex was to be endured as part of the sacred bond of marriage. By contrast, if women were expected to be pure and modest, men were expected to try to challenge that virtue at every possible opportunity. It was up to women to keep amorous suitors at bay. A true woman was submissive to her husband, to whom she was completely dedicated. Because staying home with the family was an integral part of the cult of domesticity, women were wholly financially dependent upon their spouses. It was up to him to make the decisions for the entire household, while she remained passive and supportive. After all, God had made men superior, so it stood to reason that they were in charge. Young ladies were advised to respect their husbands wishes, even if they didnt agree with his opinions. Finally, domesticity was the end goal of the cult of true womanhood. A woman who considered working outside the home was seen as a unfeminine and unnatural. Ladylike activities such as needlework and cooking were acceptable forms of labor, as long as it was done in ones own home and not for employment. Reading was frowned upon, other than religious texts, because it distracted women from important things like caring for their children and spouse. They provided comfort and happiness, often at the expense of their own silent suffering, so that their menfolk would have a pleasant home to return to each day; if a man strayed and wanted to be elsewhere, it was the fault of his wife for not meeting his domestic needs. Although all women were expected to abide by the standards of true womanhood, in reality, it was predominantly white, Protestant, upper-class women who did so. Thanks to social prejudices of the period, women of color, working women, immigrants, and those who were lower on the socioeconomic ladder were excluded from the chance to ever be true paragons of domestic virtue. The Womens Movement in Response to Cult of Domesticity Victorian woman unpacking her basket in the kitchen.   Whitemay / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images Some historians have argued that working-class women who were employed as servants, thus taking them into the private, domestic sphere, did in fact contribute to the cult of domesticity, unlike their peers who worked in factories or other public places. Teresa Valdez says, [W]orking-class women were subsequently choosing to remain  in  the private realm. The same study shows that the majority of servants were young single women. This indicates that these women were preparing for their lives as wives and mothers by supporting their father’s household through work in a private home. Regardless, this social construct of true womanhood led directly to the development of feminism, as the womens movement formed in direct response to the strict standards set out by the cult of domesticity. White women who had to work found themselves excluded from the concept of true womanhood, and so consciously rejected its guidelines. Women of color, both enslaved and free, did not have the luxury of the protections afforded to true women, no matter how pious or pure they might have been. In 1848, the first womens movement convention was held in Seneca Falls, NY, and many women felt that it was time for them to begin fighting for equal rights. During the second half of the 19th century, when the right to vote was extended to all white men, women who advocated for suffrage were seen as unfeminine and unnatural. By the time the Progressive Era began, around 1890, women were vocally advocating for the right to pursue educational, professional, and intellectual pursuits of their own, outside of the sphere of home and family. This ideal that emerged of the New Woman was a direct contrast to the cult of domesticity, and women began taking on jobs in the public sector, smoking cigarettes, using birth control methods, and making their own financial decisions. In 1920, women finally gained the right to vote. In the years following World War II, there was a slight resurgence of the cult of domesticity, as Americans in particular sought a return to the idealized family life that theyd known before the war years. Popular films and television shows portrayed women as the foundation of the home, domestic life, and childrearing. However, because many women not only maintained their family life but also held down jobs, there was once again resistance. Soon, feminism reappeared, in what historians call the second wave, and women began fighting in earnest for equality once again, in direct response to the oppressive standards laid upon them by the cult of domesticity. Sources Lavender, Catherine. â€Å"Ê ºNotes on The Cult of Domesticity and True Womanhood.†Ã‚  The College of Staten Island/CUNY, 1998, csivc.csi.cuny.edu/history/files/lavender/386/truewoman.pdf. Prepared for Students in HST 386: Women in the City, Department of HistoryValdez, Teresa. â€Å"The British Working Class Participation In The Cult Of Domesticity.†Ã‚  StMU History Media - Featuring Historical Research, Writing, and Media at St. Marys University, 26 Mar. 2019, stmuhistorymedia.org/the-british-working-class-participation-in-the-cult-of-domesticity/.Welter, Barbara. â€Å"The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820-1860.†Ã‚  American Quarterly, The Johns Hopkins University Press, www.csun.edu/~sa54649/355/Womanhood.pdf. Vol. 18, No. 2, Part 1 (Summer, 1966), pp. 151-174

News article that is relevant to one of our human resource management

News that is relevant to one of our human resource management topics - Article Example Likewise, it was also stressed that through the provision of needed education and information on maintaining health and safety to employers; in conjunction with routine visits to ensure that organizations adhere to the proposed standards and regulations, the overall state of safety has significantly improved. However, Morrison (2014) also asserted that budgetary cuts allegedly threaten the continued exemplary performance of OSHA. As noted from the recent disagreements in funding which resulted in temporary federal government shutdown in October 2013, OSHA’s operations were significantly affected in terms of the inability to conduct scheduled routine visits. It was revealed that â€Å"the alliances and partnerships the agency maintains require travel, and travel dollars may not be available under budget reductions† (Morrison, 2014, p. 2). In addition, another noted facet which is projected to be affected by the budget cuts is the training to consultants and compliance officers to maintain the level of professionalism and updated knowledge on adherence to health and safety in the work setting. Overall, the decline in trend for reported injuries, illnesses, and fatalities was emphasized to be a collaborative effort between OSHA and the employers, to ensure that both are committed in ensuring that the work place remains completely safe. The subject is relevant as it expounds on the topic on maintaining a safe and healthy work environment. One acknowledges that it is the obligation and responsibility of employers to ensure that the work place is completely safe; so as to prevent injuries, fatalities, and illnesses. As such, through the creation of standards, as disseminated by the OSHA, the article proved that the agency had been instrumental in improving the overall state of safety in the long run. One strongly believes that safety and security is one of the most important needs of employees that should be met to sustain motivation in the workplace. A safe and